Effect snapshot
| Intervention | Follow structured fluid intake vs drinking ad hoc during 10K–half marathon |
| Outcome | Pace decline in final 25% of race |
| Effect | 5–12 percent relative decrease |
| Confidence | study |
| Context | Amateur endurance runners, mild climates, 2018–2024 |
Sources
What changes
Structured hydration is commonly linked to 5–12% less late-race pace decay in amateur endurance events.
When this tends to work
- Conditions similar to: Amateur endurance runners, mild climates, 2018–2024
- You can measure
Pace decline in final 25% of racereliably - The intervention is implemented consistently, not half-measured
When to be careful
- Your audience or product differs materially from the cited context
- Compliance costs or second-order effects outweigh the lift
- Evidence label is study—treat wide ranges as planning bands, not promises
Practical takeaway
Use the cited range for prioritization and test design. Verify against your own data before scaling.